Feed milling operation, both for commercial and farm use, deals with the purchase of various feed ingredients needed in feed formulation. People involved in the purchase and acceptance of such feed ingredients require good knowledge of feed ingredients classifications, descriptions and purchase specifications for effective quality control. Poor quality rations will result if the ingredients that will be used are adulterated or are of inferior quality. After all, the quality of the i-nixed feed largely depends on the quality of the raw materials used. 

The classification, specification and usage limitation of feed ingredients presented in Chapter I are based on the knowledge and experiences in feed quality control of practicing nutritionists. The specifications for each feed ingredient will serve as an important guide in accepting or rejecting feed ingredients.  

Moreover, feed quality control in a number of feedmills and farms is not effectively imposed, largely due to the lack of knowledge about the raw materials being purchased. The level at which a feed ingredient can be used in a ration is often dictated by the presence of undesirable components like toxins, antinutrients and physical characteristics of the ingredients. Also, the effect of a certain ingredient on the palatability of a ration is also an important factor which determines the acceptability in using such feed ingredients. Hence, the information in this chapter will serve as a practical guide for feedmillers and livestock raisers as well. 

PHILSAN hopes that, in the future, the practice of adulterating feed ingredients will be minimized by encouraging feedmillers and livestock raisers to practice stricter quality control on all raw materials being used in feed formulations. 

BASAL OR ENERGY FEEDS 
BULK FEEDS
PROTEIN FEEDS 
FEED SUPPLEMENTS