New Releases Library  Ordering Info  News  ACDHome  Publications

Book Series   Philippines Recommends  Highlights    Industry Situationer   PCARRD Farm News   Information Bulletin   Technology!

Crops   Forestry and Environment   Livestock   Agricultural Resources   Socio-Economics   Management

 

CROPS   Top of Page                                                                      Top of Page                                                          Top of Page		Rubber  Natural rubber (NR)- producing countries are pressed to focus their resources to production of NR to complement the production of synthetic rubber (SR). These countries are faced by the increasing demand for rubber in the world market of rubber. The philippine is taking positive steps towards increased production of rubber since about 1.58 million hectares in Mindanao are suitable for rubber plantation. The revised edition of the Philippine Recommends for Rubber incorporates newly developed technologies related to vital aspects of rubber production such as improved nursery techniques and managent, cover crop establishment, intercropping schemes, refinements in weed management, branch induction and pruning practices.  Orchids  Prospects are bright for the orchid industry. Local demands for flowers and plants for gardens are high, while opportunities for exporting orchids are even more promising. This revised edition of the Philippines Recommends  for Orchids is PCARRD's way of rpomoting and supporing the commercial production of orchids. It has been modified to cater  specifically to the reqquirements of enterpreneurs who would like to venture into orchid growing. The local hobbyist will find this bulletin helpful, with the discussions pertaining to orchid growing, whether small-scale or large-scale.  Mango  The Philippine 'Carabao' mango is considered one of the world's best. However, production is still considered low and inadequate to meet local and foreign demands. One such problem cited by growers is insufficient technical inforamtion on production and postproduction technologies. PCARRD prepared The Philippines Recommends for Mango to fill the information and technology gaps in mango production. Recommendations given in this technical bulletin are the outputs of   R & D activities and experiences in mango growing, postharvest handling, and processing.    Sustatinable Small Ruminant-Coconut Production System  With almost four million hectares of farmlands planted to coconut, raising small ruminants under coconut is a good source of secondary income. The Philippines Recommends for Sustainable Ruminant-Coconut Production System outlines management practices recommended for a successful crop-animal interegation. It also discusses economic and marketing considerations to shed light on the profitability of this venture. With the need for sustainable food production becoming more pronounced, small ruminant-coconut production system is an inevitable option.    Mungbean  The Philippines Recommends for Mungbean is a revision of the first edition published in 1977. It compiles the updated information on mungbean adaptation requirements, varieties, cultural management, and other practices, seed production and certification, postharvest processing, nutritional value, utilization, and economics. It also incorporates some data and experiences of the PCARRD-coordinated Mungbean Development Action Project  Mango  The Philippine 'Carabao' mango is considered one of the world's best. Also known as the Manila Super mango., it has already established a niche in the world markets for mango. Although the Philippines is one of ten major producers of mango in the world, our production is still considered low inadequateto meet local and foreign demands. Admittedly, many constraints hinder the full development of the mango industry. One such problem cited by growers is the insufficient technical information on production and postproduction technologies. PCARRD therefore, prepared this Philippines Recommends for Mango to fill the information and technology gaps in mango production. This is the product of a committee from both government and private sectors. Recommendations in this technical bulletin are the outputs of R and D activities and experiences on mango growing, postharvest handling, and processing. Continuing R and D strives to solve existing production and postproduction problems. Dissemination or transfer of such technologies is a commitment of PCARRD and DOST.  Coconut  The Philippines is still the world's number one supplier of coconut products. The total area planted to coconut is about 3.1 million hectares. Annual nut production has decreased from 55 nuts/tree in 1986 to 49 nuts/tree in 1990. In copra terms, annual production decreased from 2.7 million tons in 1986 to 2.5 million tons in 1990 (UCAP 1990). Despite this downward trend , the Philippines still accounts for about 70% of the aggregate world export for coconut products.   Cacao  Cacao is acrop of great commercial value worldwide. Here in the Philippines, many areasare suitablefor growing this crop. REcently, it has become a very popular intercrop for coconut farmers who regard it as a promising crop that can augment their income. In spite of the availability of large areas for cacao production, the country continues to import cacao. For the last 10 years, the volume of our production had not even met our domestic demand. Furthermore, a great percentage of the beans produced by our backyard farmers are poor in qualtiy and are only prepared as "tableas".This situation forces our local chocolate manufacturers to depend mostly on Malaysia and The Ivory Coast for quality beans. The Philippines Recommends for Cacao presents the latest technology practices in commercial plantations and of various research institutions. It includes information on marketing and processing. It promotes the use of high-yielding clones and improved management practices.   Fruit Processing and Utilization  This publication, The Philippines Recommends for Fruit Processing and Utilization, highlights different methods of fruit processing such as fermentation, dehydration, canning, freezing, and preserving with high sugar concentration. It provides step-by-step  directions of these processes and presents a number of recipes for different kinds of fruits. This technical bulletin is a practical source of information for those who are interested in fruit processing for home consumption or for a cottage or small-scale industry in the rural areas.  Banana  In the Philippines, banana is considered the most important fruit crop in terms of hectarage and commercial value. It ranks first in production and commercial value. It ranks first in production and hectarage. A major dollar earner, it contributes more than US$100 M annually to the nation's economy. To the small farmer's banana is considered as food and buffer crop, but more importantly, as source of ready income. The Philippines Recommends for Banana presents the latest technology package for banana production up to marketing. It is a product of the changing market outlook and demand for banana and the need to increase productivity through the generation of appropriate technologies.  Ramie Production  In recent years, the demand for ramie fibers both local and abroad has increased. The export price of ramie is high, making ramie production and primary processing is scanty, outdated, and uncomprehensive. This volume highlights and integrates the technologies on ramie farming generated in several areas in Mindanao through the Southern Mindanao Agricultural Research Center (SMARC) and other local and foreign institution. It intends to provide farmers, technicians, and students information on the cultural management and processing of this crop.  Rice Postproduction Operations  The seriousness of postproduction loss in rice is of national concern. During the last decade, there were published reports dealing with many aspects of rice postharvest technology. Notwithstanding these developments, however, information on the patterns, magnitudes, and causes of rice postproduction losses remain highly variable. PCARRD publishes this volume with hope of promoting improved and modified postproduction methods. Likewise, it aims to make precise recommendations that could mean reduction in losses, stabilization of supply, and an increase in income for the small farmers.  Soybeans  This publication, The Philippines Recommends for Soybeans, presents the recent technologies on soybean production. This is a revised edition of the publication. The first edtion was published by PCARRD in 1976. It highlights information on the environmental requirementsof the crop and outlines procedures in the production of high qualtiy seeds of soybean.  Rodent Control  The staggering damages brought by rats to our prime commodities prompted PCARRD to release this volume which outlines the measures by which outlines the measures by which the rodent problem can be contained in areas planted to rice, corn, sugarcane, and other prime commodities. This volume features a community wide coordinative effort to check the menace of rats in a farming environment which readers may find useful as models.  Coconut Timber Utilization  This publication details the procedure of processing coconut trunk into coconut tomber. It discusses the conversion of coconut wood into various products with economic uses such as: parquet flooring, panelling, roof shingles, and partitions. The old, unproductive coconut trees felled to give way to new ones are the source of coconut wood. This volume aims to help in one way or another those in the wood processing industry to consequently uplift the government's housing program through the utilization of coconut timber as housing materials.  Papaya  This bulletin is an updated version of the 1977 Philippines Recommends edition. Data updated and the latest information on Oriental fruit fly, spider mites, and thrips are added. It also highlights relevant information on the different aspects of papaya production, handling, and processing.   Coconut (1983)  This volume highlights the environmental requirements of coconut varieties with good characteristics; and outlines the latest fertilizer recommendations derived from a recent survey conducted by the Philippine Council Authority (PCA). Also discussed in detail are the multiple cropping and coconut-based livestock farming systems as well as the latest findings in crop protection and processing.  Cassava  From a single ton of cassava tubers comes 180 liters of ethyl alcohol. Today, the government and the research agencies are moving to tap cassava as a potential source of alcohol and as a partial answer to fuel shortage. Cassava is also singled out to lessen starch importation which amounted to US$ 6,419 FOB in 1975.As animal feed, cassava commands high prices in European and in other foreign markets. As food, cassava is made into flour, cassava chips, starch pearls, pellets, and noodles. Recent studies report that baked products using wheat flour can be partially substituted with 10% cassava flour. Cassva is rich in carbohydrates. Locally known as kamoteng kahoy or balinghoy, this rootcrop can be grown on all types of soil, provided that these soils are not waterlogged, shallow or stony. The farm operations involved in growing cassava is simple. THis includes land preparation, planting, replanting , weeding, cultivation and harvesting. A total of 51mandays is required to operate a one hectare area in small scale cassava production. Under our present conditions, a harvest of 35 tons per hectare is already economically profitable.  Mango (1983)   The Philippine Recommends (PR) is a virtual technology atlas that contains the best available practical recommendations on varieties, environmental requirements, cultural practices and cost and returns of producing a particular commodity. So far, 59 volumes of this publicastion series have been published and sent free to the Ministers of Agriculture and Natural Resources, presidents/heads of agricultural colleges and universities as well sa libraries the PCARRD network of research centers and stations. They are also available at cost to interested individuals. This reprint of the PR for Mango provides the latest available infomation on mango production - from establishment of the trees to flower induction, harvesting, processing, marketing and exportation. It aims to guide mango growers in selecting orchard sites, preparing planting materials, fertilizing, crop protection, postharvest handling and processing of this major export crop.  Citrus  First published in 1980, the Philppines Recommends for Citrus contains the best available recommendations fot he improvement of citrus production in the Philippines. In this volume, citrus growers and specialists in the country share their experience on selecting an orchard site, preparing planting materials, fertilizing, protecting the crop, postharvest handling and processing. Citrus is a major fruit crop in the Philippines, providing an important source of income for many Filipino farmers. Although generally, citrus yields in the Philippines are low, well-managed orchards, specifically those in Mindanao, can produce the volume and quality of fruits that can compare favorably with those of developed countries. These plantations are run on modern and intensive technology.  Coffee  Coffee earned as high as US$ 46.6M in foreign exchange in 1980, obviously one of the country's principal export crops. But the present yield of coffee is low, averaging only 1.2 tons per hectare per year. Even quality is not up to par. Wiht proper farm management, however, coffee yiled can be increased to as much as 2 tons per hectare per year. The Philippines Recommends for Coffee presents recommendations meant to increase the present level of production. the recommendations contained in this publication are based on research results and borrowed technology applicable to Philippines conditions; other recommendations are based on local experiences and observations.  Corn  The Philippines Recommends for Corn 1981 is the third of a series on corn. The first two editions were released in 1975 and 1976. This revised edition incrporates a number of changes meant to make its recommendations more useful to extension  agents, farmers, researchers and others involved in corn industry. The volume provides a cost and return analysis of corn production and treats in depth the aspects of  production management, pest and disease control, harvesting and processing. Among its features is an illustration of the recommended method of sack storage inside a warehouse.  Ginger  Ginger (Zingiber officnale Rosc.) is an important spice crop, used in cooking and the preparation of preserves, candy and pickles. It is raw material in the production of beverages, perfumes and medicines. Through considered a minor crop in the Philippines it is one of the country's potential high-earning expeert crops. In 1977, abaout 4 M kg of fresh ginger were exported, mainly to Hongkong, Japan, Singapore and United States. A recent survey by the Special Studies Division of the Ministry of Agriculure revealed that the average ginger consumption in the country was about 400 grams per person a year. At this rate the Philippines alone would need about 19,000 tons of ginger. However, the national average yield is far from impressive. Farmers' limited knowledge aboout proper culture and management plus the lack of knowledge for ginger processing have largely hindered development of the industry. Dissemination of the up-to-date information on ginger, such as that contained in the Philippines Recommends for Ginger 1980, may aid farmers, researchers, extension, workers, and other interested parties in improving current production. Local and foreign researches served as basis for this "package of technology".  Citrus (1980)  Citrus species grow well in the Philippines. Yet, citrus yield in the country is generally low. If grown scientifically in commercial volume, this crop can easily serve as a major income source for Filipino farmers. Nutrition-wise, citrus is a wholsome source of Vitamin C which is important to the Filipino diet. It is hoped that thisand subsequent series of Philippines Recommends on citrus will make a contribution toward developing technical capability on the part of citrus farmers and thereby promote an industry which is increasingly becoming an important one.    Winged Bean   Until quite recently, the winged bean has vritually been taken for granted since it easily proliferatesin backyards under minimal cultural management. However, with the growing recognition of its potential asa a malnutrition is prevalent, this volume hopes to encouorage nationwide planting of the crop and generate enthusiasm for its nutritive value. this volume is based on the proceedings of the First International Winged Bean Symposium-Workshop held January 1978 at the PCARR headquarters in Los Banos, Laguna.  Cacao(1979)  Another addition to the Recommends series, this volume responds rto the needs of many for a publication that will contribute to the establishment of a viable cacao industryin the country. The bulletin is a joint effort of PCARR, the Commonwealth Foods, Inc., Filipro, Inc., and the University of the Philippines at Los Banos.  Tobacco(1979)  The second of the series on tobacco, this revised edition incorporates number of changes and is expected to be more useful than the first editions published in 1975. The recommendations are the latest, PCARR's contribution to the development of the tobacco industry as one of the pillars of the couontyr's agricultural economy.  Potato (1979)  An addition to the expanding Philippines Recommends series, this volume contains the rudiments of potato cultivation. it embodies the Council effort to make root crops a popular source of additional income in farms.  Corn (1976)  Technology transfer gets another with the translation of Philippines Recommends for Corn !976 into Cebuano. This eases the extension worker's job of translating agricultural information in to the language of the farmer. Ang Pilipinas Nagrekomendar Para sa Mais 1976 contains information on production such as, the choice of varietites, cultivation, planting, fertilization and pest control. It covers various phases in postharvest processing such as shelling, drying, storing and milling. The publication also deals with the cost of production, marketing scheme, nutritional value and the many uses of corn. The Cebuano version is a joint effort of PCARR and the Agricultural Information Division of the Ministry of Agriculture (AID-MA). The publication will be presented by PCARR Director General J.D. Drilon, Jr. to AID-MA Chief Vic de Jesus in the next Governing Council meeting. The AID chief is credited with having consistently encouraged the translation of Philippines Recommends for Corn 1976 into the dialect.

 
 

 

FORESTRY  Top of Page		Watershed Management  This publication presents information and technologies on watershed management in the Philippines. This also presents the analysis of existing policies and manapower training extension programs to promote protection and conservation of our dwindling watershed. This volume was reprinted in the hope of reiterating the importance of watersheds in the light of the current drought crisis abaout by the El Nino phenomenon.  Bamboo Production  This publication integrates the available information on plantation establishment, protection and maintenance, and harvesting of bamboo. It compiles the research-based technologies generated by the Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (ERDB-DENR), UP College of Forstry (UPCF), Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), and the Tarlac College of Agriculture (TCA). It also presents the production practices of the private sector. This PR  series is envisioned to promote the conversation and wise utilization of bamboo.  Bamboo Production   This publication is an update of The Philippines Recommends for Bamboo published in 1984. However, this edition details more on the production techniques. It integrates the available information on the plantation establishment, protection and maintenance, and harvesting bamboo. It also compiles the research-based technologies generated by the Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (ERDB-DENR), UP Los Banos, College of Forestry (UPCF), Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), and the Tarlac College of Agriculture (TCA). It also presents the production practices of the private sector.   Rattan Production  The National Forestation Program harnesses the assistance of the government agencies, nongovernment organizations (NGO's), and private citizens to address the problem of restoring the reserves of lesser-used timber and minor forest species. This volume presents the latest research advances in rattan production developed by both sectors. This is published with the intention of sharing the knowledge and experiences that would help replenish this high grade nontimber species.  Reforestation  PCARRD  and the National Program Coordinating Office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) published this volume to meet the information needs of contractors and would-be constractors, policy makers, administrators, and extension workers on improved reforestation technologies and practices in the Philippines. This volume documents the knowledgeable contributions of the country's forestry experts and scientists and the experience of private practitioners in reforestation.  Fast Growing Hardwoods  This is the revised edition of the Philippines Recommends for Fast Growing Hardwoods 1978. Unlike the original version, this series includes informationon the utilization of hardwoods. Also, the portion on production had been updated. This volume integrates available information and technologies on the plantation establishment, management, and utilization of fast growing hardwoods in the Philippines. Technologies included were generated by various government agencies such as the Forest Researh Institute (FORI), Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI), and the University of the Philipines at Los Banos, College fo Forestry (UPLB-CF). The Philippines Recommends for Fast-Growing Hardwoods also presents practices used by private companies and industries which produce and utilize this forest species. Since this publication is envisioned to cater to the punlic in generarl, and the forestry,agricultural, and industrial sectors in particular, it uses layman's language whenever possible. Moreover, this publication is intended to keep the end-users abreast with the present advances in production technology for fast-growing hardwoods.  Agroforestry  This publication, The Philippines Recommends for Agroforestry highlights selected agroforestry schemes. Being a new technology, agroforestry is not widely practiced yet. But it has already gained foothold in some upland areaas of the countryas a result of development efforts of various government agencies. Despite the growing popularity of agroforestry, information and available technologies derived on this science are still scattered and fragmented. Also, many aspects have yet to be known regarding our uplands. However, there is a need to package available agroforestry technologies to promote productivity and arrest the degradation of our fragile upland resources. Thus, the Philippine Council for Agriculture and resources Research and Development  has pooled the expertise of the countr's research agencies to package recommended practices for agroforestry. It is hoped that the use of technologies recommended in this volume will contribute greatly to the nation's effort of uplifting the living standard of our rural people and preserving the patrimony of our country.  Dipterocarp Production  Dipterocarps are mainstays of Philippine forestry. Ninety percent of the country's remaining forests are of the dipterocarp type. They are the main source of timber for the local wood-based industries and for export. They also contribute greatly to the economic, ecological, and social development of the country. The unregulated use dipterocarp forest, however, has caused the dwindling of this resource. There is a need, therefore, to conserve, regenerate, protect, and properly manage dipterocarp forests to ensure a stable supply of timber. This publication integrates all available inforamtion on plantation establishment, harvesting, marketing, and management of natural dipterocarp forests in the Philippines. The technologies included here were generated by various government agencies such as the Forest Research Institute, Forest Products Rresearch and Development Institute, University of the Philippines at Los Banos, College of Forestr, and the Bureau of Forest Development. PRactices observed from various private companies involved in the production of dipterocarps are also integrated. PCARRD co-publishes this volume with Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Eschborn, Federal republic of Germany, represented in the Philippines by the RP-German Timber Stand Improvement Project.  Fuelwood and Charcoal Utilization  This publication promotes the efficient use of wood and agroforestry wastes as energy sources. This volume wasa prepared by PCARRD in cooperation with Forest Products Research and Development Institute, College, Laguna; Forest research Institute and the United States Agency for International Development which are all involved in fuelwood and charcoal research. We believe that this publication will benefit the country's households and industries which depend on fulewood and charcoal for energy.   Rattan  The elegance of Philippine-made rattan furniture shipped abroad has opened new markets for the booming rattan industry. As new furniture products and handicrafts are developed, the demand became unprecedented. But as the supply of this forest species dwindle, new plantations need to be established and existing stands, replenished. To backstop this effort, PCARRD has seen it imperative to come out with the Philippine recommendds for Rattan, a volume that integrates all available information, maintenance, and use of rattan in the Philippines. With this volume, PCARRD hopes to promote the conservation propagation, and the wise utilization of this plant.  Pines   As one of the four major forest types of the Philippines, the pine forest plays a vital role in our economic and ecological stability. Uless proper measures are resorted to now, however, our pine forests may become estinct in the near future. Large tracts have already been devastated by pests and diseases. There is an acute need to protect, conserve, and develop our existing pine stands. The extensive establishment and mangement of the pine plantations have to be done now to ensure a stable supply in the future. This publication contains information on seed production technology, nursery practice, plantation establishment and management, and harvesting.  Bamboo  Bamboo is a commodity of many uses. It is used by the housing, handicraft, furniture, fishing, banana, and the pulp and paper industries. The steadily increasing demand for bamboo has resulted in the rapid and unregulated cutting of bamboo stands that once dotted the countryside.As a result, our supply of bamboo has dwindled. The bamboo stands that have been cut down need toi be replaced, if only to insure a stable supplyof raw material for the bamboo based industrties. This publication integrates all available information technologies on the plantation establishment, maintenance, utilization of bamboo which are applicable to the country. The technologies included here were generated by various government agencioes, such as the Forest research Institute (FORI), Forest Products research and Development Institute (FPRDI), and the Universioty of the Philippines at Los Banos College of Forestry (UPLBCF). the Philippines recommends for Bamboo also presents practices employed by private companies and industries invloved in the production and utilizartion of bamboo. PCARRD addresses this publication to all agencies and industries - public and private - involved in the production and utilization of bamboo, in the hope that it will promote the conservation and wise utilization of this valuable plant.   Reforestation (1982)  Reforestation, the natural or artificial restocking of a forest area, plays a vital role in maintaining a well-balanced ecosystem and environment. And today, perhaps more than ever, there is urgent need to replace outmoded traditional practices in our reforestation projects with modern and proven technologies. The Philippines Recommends for Reforestation hepls harness the full force of refcrestation research. It contains packaged, applicable technology meant to hasten reforestation of denuded forests and rehabilitation of forest resources. Recommendations are based on observations of reforestation operations conducted by the Bureau of Forest Development as well as some big private concessions. More research has to be coducted, especially on species adaptablity and cultural practices. More emphasis has to be given to production of high quality planting stock, protection measures, and proper maintenance of seedlings in the field.  Dipterocarps (1979)  This second volume of the Recommends for Dipterocarps series describes the different processes in veneer and plywood manufacture, plywood grading and crating. It also includes a list of Dipterocarp species suitable for manufacturing veneer and plywood and tables of SEALPA log grading rules, standard patterns of matching and laying up face veneers, and procedures and evaluation methods for conducting band and moisture content tests.  Ipil-ipil  "Bayani" (hero). "Wonder Tree." "Supermarvelous Miracle Tree." Thus, the Ipil-ipil has been dubbed since its rise in popularity in the 70's as a plant of multiple uses in the country and the rest of the tropics. Ipil-ipil is a veritable source of wood for fuel and charcoal, timber and other wood products, pulp and paper. It is excellent feed for livestock with protein content of 27-34%. Cattle, water buffalo and goats relish its green leaves which constitutes the leaf leal locally known as "lepili." The "Wonder Tree" is a good forerunner modifying soil conditions in the planting site and making them more suitable for less adapted but more important tree species. As a leguminous plant Ipil-ipil is an excellent source of organic fertilizer. It has been successfully applied coconut, coffee, tea, fruit trees, bananas, rice, corn, sorghum, and other agricultural crops. The "Bayani" is also food, beverage, medicine, dye, ornamental plant and material for seedcraft. The Philippine recommends for Ipil-ipil covers the production and utilization of this multi-purpose tree. It keeps end-users abreast of the latest advances in Ipil-ipil technology. Much of the information contained in this series is a product of locally conducted research. This publication is a product of PCARR's continuing efforts to bring to actual end-users the fruits of research.

 

 
 

LIVESTOCK  Top of Page                                                                                Top of Page		.Broiler Production  This volume, the second revision of the Philippines Recommends for Broiler Production, highlights the status of poultry as one of the major sources of meat in the Philippines. The poultry industry markets a variety of products with eggs and making up the principal sources of cash receipts. However, the challenge for the industry to undertake modernization of its plant and farm families remain. This volume, therefore, intends to provide broiler growers and all those involved in the poultry industry with information necessary to increase the efficiency and productivity of the industry to make it more competitive in the global market.  Pork Production  Demands for pork and pork products in the country remain high. The current performance of swine production in the country is satisfactory, but a number of problems continue to plague the industry. these problems are those that pertain to spread of diseases, limited availability and high cost of biologics and antibiotics, continuous importation of breeding stocks and feed ingredients/supplements, and inefficient marketing systems and structures. Technologies and resources effectively addressing these problems need to be harnessed. This publication, the Philippines Recommends for Pork Production, provides technological measures aimed to resolve most of the problems of swine production. These technologies are those that deal with scientific breeding, nutrition and feeding, housing, herd management, slaughtering, and marketing of swine. It is hoped that swine entrepreneurs,extension agents, and instructors will gain from the wealth of information contained in this volume.   Beef Cattle Production  This volume is the second revision of The Philippines Recommends for Beef Cattle Production which was first published in 1976 and was revised in 1985. It aims at providing farmers, externsion agents, instructors, researchers, students, and anyone involved in the industry, an updated package of recommendations on beef cattle production. With this latest volume, PCARRD, in cood\rdination with the Department of Agriculture (DA) Regional Operations, hopes to contribute to the improvement of the cattle industry, and the government's program for a self-reliant and sustainable beef production, particularly in Key Livestock Development Areas.  Goat Farming  This volume is a revision of The Philippines Recommends for Goat Farming which was first published by the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research (PCARRD) in 1977. It updates recommendations on husbandry practices, provides latest data on nutrient requirement including a listing of common feedstuff for goat, and presents the health program of goats at various stages of life. This publication will be a useful reference material for the improvement of goat farming in particular and the livestock industry in general.  Meat Processing  This volume contains various information on live animals, meats, and meat for processing, curing techniques, and packaging processes, as well as the different marketing channels and market intermediaries. It also presents the different meat preservation techniques, such as cold storage,canning, curing, drying, salting, smoking, and the like.  Table-Egg Production  The poultry industry exerts tremndous impact on the country's econnomic and social well-being. Poultry farming is one backyard enterprise that can boost the income of people in the rural areas. Poultry products, specifically meat and eggs, are important food items that supply the much needed protein in the human diet. Raising poultry in the backyard for table-egg production will sustain a family for their everyday needs for meats and eggs. Moreover, the surplus can boost family income because eggs command a high price in the market today. Considering that the bulk of eggs in the market comes from backyard raisers who have insufficient capital to improve and expand their poultry farms, they need financial capital to improve and expand their poultry farms, they need fianacial supports to obtain more profit from the enterprise. The support is also needed to meeet the increasing demand for eggs by bankeries, food manufacturing companies, and other industries that utilize eggs as a major ingredient. This volume contains a package of recommendations and information for starting a table-egg enterprise or for improving as existing one. This series is a revised edition of the Philippines Recommends for Egg Farming published in 1977 by PCARRD.   Sheep Raising  In developing countries, including the Philippines, sheep is not given as much importance as in certain African and Middle Eastern countries. Sheep has a long history in the Philippines. It was introduced into this country during the Spanish era. Since then, however, not much research was exerted to tap  its potential as a source of family nutrition and income. The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) publishes this volume with the hope of encouraging sheep raising in the Philippines. This volume describes husbandry practices, breeds and breeding, feeding guides, health program, and utilization of sheep.  Livestock Feed Formulation  The Philippine livestock sector is beset with problems of high cost and insufficient supply of quality feed ingredients. Much affected by this situation are the small and medium producers and independent growers who depend mostly on the big integrators for their sources of feeds and stocks. Although it is true that utilization of locally available feed stuff is encouraged, growers are left with the dilemna of coming up with the right mix of feeds that will satisfy the needs of the animals and result in optimum production. This publication aims to provide small livestock and poultry raisers with information on feed formulation. Discussed in this volume are the nutrients, formulation of a balance diet, and the mechanics of mixing the ingredients into finished feeds. It is hoped that this volume will serve as a practical guide to small feed millers, researchers, and students as well.  Cattle-Coconut Farming   With the Philippines Recommends for Integrated Cattle-Coconut Farming, PCARRD launches its new discipline-oriented Philippines Recommends series. Reaising cattle under coconuts is not new. Farmers have practiced it since the turn of the century. But today cattle-coconut farming is earning a good deal of concern and interest because of the need to iontensify agricultural production.The system maximizes the use of farm resources and increase the income of coconut farming. At present, 22% of the country's coconut land is stocked with cattle, carabaos and goats. But few farmers adopt improved mangement practices to maximize the benefits of this mixed farming system. To be successful, a farmer must have keen interest snd up-to-date knowledge in cattle, pasture, and cocnut plantation management. PCARRD publishes this volume do that farmers may be properrly guided and derive optimum benefits from cattle-coconut farming.  Goat Farming (1982)  The success of goat project will depend primarily on th kind and type of animals used as foundation stock. They should be able to perform well under good management and feeding systems, under local conditions. grades and native goats are more profitable to start with. They require less investment and the first cross is frequently a more proftable meat and milk producer. However, a good purebred buck is needed to upgrade one's herd. The reveised edition of the Philippines Recommends for Goat Farming provides critical information such as this, ranging from the choosing of the foundation stock, to housing and fencing, goat husbandry practices, feeding habits and nutrient requirements, to goat breeding, herd health and the processing and utilization of goat products and by-products. The volume even provides a score card for does and bucks and some tempting recipes for cooking chevon or goat meat, such as goat curry hawaiian style, goat-meat shish kebab, goat feet and of course the national favorite, caldereta.    Broiler Production (1982)  the increasing number of integrated broiler farms and the general increase in the consumption of poultry meat reflect the phenomenal growth of the broiler industry in the Philippines. From a beginning characterized by backyard pooultry raising, the industry shifted to the formation of large integrated operations in the early 60's. Although development has been impressive so far, major problems still need to be dealt with, such as the unstable supply of quality feed ingredients and mixed feeds; improper processing and marketing of poultry products; inadequate preventive and control measures for major poultry diseases and pests. Despite advances in poultry science and technology, however, substandard management practices still prevail. To help increase productioon efficiency, PCARRD has published this reprint of the Philippines Recommends for Broiler Production(first published in 1976), a compilation of the "most practicable research results and actual experiences" of people involved in the broiler industry.   Beef Cattle Production  This publication, the Philippines Recommends for Beef Cattle Production, second revision, contains the latest information on beef cattle production in the country - from selection and breeding, nutrition, herd management to marketing tips and economics. It also tackles the problems and constraints, as well as the prospects and opportunities of the local beef cattle industry. It is hoped that this publication will be good reference material for a successful cattle production.

 
 

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES  Top of Page

Corn Postproduction Operations  Cognizant of the need for promoting improved and modified postproduction technologies to address the problem of postproduction losses of corn, PCARRD collaborated with the then NAPHIRE, now BPHRE, and PARRFI to publish this volume of the Philippines Recommends for Corn Postproduction Operations. This revised edition includes additional technologies, specifically on corn harvesting and drying. it introduces postproduction technologies and efficient management skills corresponding to the socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional environment in the production-postporduction system in corn.  Small Water Impounding Projects  Small water impounding projects play a major role in rainwater collection and in flood and erosion control. They provide supplemental irrigation water for intensified crop production which may substantially increase the farmer's income. In addition, impounding projects also contribute to the water requirements of livestock production, aquaculture, power generation, and recreation. This publication attempts to pool information or technologies on small water impounding projects.   Soil Conservation  Soil is one of the dominant factors that affect crop production. To produce a good crop, the soil must be weel managed. Soil must be  used according to their capability and must be conserved. Studies on soil conservation in the Philippines are very limited. There is a lot that needs to be known about Philippine soil if we are to conserve their fertility for the succeding generations, even as we increase their present productivity. The Philippine Recommends for Soil Conservation offers the public relevant information about the soil, its capabilityand limitations. It also discusses the methods of conserving our soil resources and controlling soil erosion. Soil erosion studies in the Philippines are very fewe; efforts were made to incorporate in this technology package recent recommendations on soil erosion control in the tropics based on results of researches done in the temperate countries. This volume is revision of the Philippines Recommends for Soil Conservation first published in 1977. The Philippines Recommends (Technical Bulletin) Series is published in line with the continuous effort of the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources and Research and Development (PCARRD) to package research information for actual and effective utilization.  Soil Fertility Management   The manner in which the soil is handled today determines its productivity tomorrow. Continuous cropping without replenishment of the soil's nutrients insevitably depletes the soil's natural fertility. First printed in 1978, the Philippines Recommends for Soil Fertility Management presents all availabel information on the management of the Philippine soils in relatiun to crop production. The Bulletin is meant to help the farmer and the extension worker in the management, revival of maintenance of soil fertility to attain optimum crop yield.   Irrigation Water Management  the Philippines Recommends for Irrigation Water Management pools technical information on irrigation water management for upland crop production. Although the Philippines has attained self-sufficiency in rice with intensified and improved irrigation and water management in lowland areas, a relatively high percentage (70%) of farm areas still depends basically on rainfall. But rainfall is unevenly distributed and often cannot adequately provide moisture required for successful crop growth. This has caused concern, particularly for upland crops which are, as means of crop diversification, essential to the country's agricultural productivity. The moisture regimes of upland areas are unsaturated most of the time, and the cultivation of upland crops requires adequate water supply. " Irrigation water management for upland crop is," according to the Philippines recommends for Irrigation Water Management, "the application of the right time for optimum growth and development. It includes the control and delivery of water and removal of excess water, (since) upland crops will not tolerate water-logged conditions..." The book adds that although the principles involved are quite similar for both lowland and upland conditions, irrigation and water management practices are more complicated under upland conditions. Basic considerations in water management for upland crops are discussed quite fully and drainage methods explained in detail. Finally, the volume discusses upland cultural practices in relation to water management.

 

 
 

SOCIO-ECONOMICS  Top of Page

 
 

MANAGEMENT  Top of Page

  DOST HOME  S&T INFO CENTER  PCARRD HOME  ACD HOME